Oscillators Crystal - oo badanaa loo yaqaan crystals - ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa qaybaha soo noqnoqda ee hababka elektaroonigga ah, ugu horreyntii waxay u adeegaan si ay u dhaliyaan calaamadaha soo noqnoqda ee deggan. Haddii oscillator-ka crystal-ka uu leeyahay midab togan iyo mid taban maaha su'aal lagaga jawaabi karo "haa" ama "maya" fudud; waxay kuxirantahay nooca gaarka ah ee aaladda su'aasha.
1. Crystals Passive (Crystal Resonators)
Kiristaalo dadban, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan resonators crystal, ayaa sameeyamaahawaxay leeyihiin xumaan togan ama taban. Qaab dhismeedkooda gudaha waxa uu ka kooban yahay quartz crystal maran, wareegga resonant, iyo guri baakad ah. Dabeecad ahaan, waa qaybo aan fiicneyn oo kuma jiraan wareegyada cod-weyneysiinta firfircoon. Qaab dhismeedkan dhexdiisa, crystal quartz wuxuu u dhaqmaa sida curiyaha resonant piezoelectric kaas oo abuura inta jeer ee gariir dabiiciga ah; ganaaxa wareegga resonant - wuxuu hagaajiyaa oo dejiyaa inta jeer; iyo xirmo waxay bixisaa ilaalinta farsamada iyo dahaarka korontada.
Sababtoo ah labada biin ee calaamadda crystal dadban ayaa jir ahaan u siman oo koronto ahaan u dhigma, jihayn looma baahna inta lagu jiro rakibidda - labada biin waa la isweydaarsan karaa. Naqshadeynta wareegga, waxa kaliya oo lagama maarmaan ah in lagu xiro biinanka soo noqnoqda ee soo-gelinta oscillator-ka iyo terminaalka IC iyo si loo waafajiyo capacitors load ku habboon.
2. Kiristaalo firfircoon (Crystal Oscillators)
Kiristaalo firfircoon, tusaale ahaan, modules oscillator crystals oo si buuxda isku dhafan, waxay leeyihiin baahi cad oo polarity (Polarity sahayda korontada). Marka lagu daro crystal quartz, waxay gudaha isku daraan wareegga oscillation iyo amplifier wax soo saarka, sidaas darteed waxay u baahan yihiin sahay koronto oo DC ah si ay u shaqeyso.
Sidaa darteed, qeexida biinanka ee crystal firfircoon waxaa ka mid ah biin koronto ah (VDD) iyo pin dhulka (GND), kuwaas oo leh polarity adag waana inaan dib loo celin. Meelaynta pin iyo heshiisyada calaamadaynta way ku kala duwanaan karaan noocyada kala duwan iyo soosaarayaasha; polarity saxda ah iyo qaabeynta pin waa in had iyo jeer lagu xaqiijiyaa ka dhanka ah xaashida xogta alaabta u dhiganta. Waa lama huraan in la xaqiijiyo isku xidhka ka hor tamarta -ilaa si looga fogaado burburka aaladda ama cilad wareeggu sababto polarity roga.
Gabagabo
Marka la soo koobo, haddii oscillator-ka crystal-ka uu leeyahay polarity togan iyo mid taban waxay ku xidhan tahay nooca ay tahay: crystals dadban maaha - kiristaalo firfircoon, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay leeyihiin polarity sahayda korontada qeexan oo waa in si adag loogu xidhaa si waafaqsan qeexitaannada pinout. Codsiyada injineernimada wax ku oolka ah, naqshadeynta wareegga saxda ah iyo dhaqamada alxanka waa in lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo nooca gaarka ah ee crystal la doortay iyo shuruudaha xaashida xogta, hubinta kalsoonida iyo xasilloonida saacadda nidaamka. Fahamka saxda ah ee sifooyinka korantada ee oscillators kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysta gaaritaanka waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan ee naqshadeynta elektiroonigga ah iyo isdhexgalka nidaamka.