Saxnimada Crystal Oscillators: Waa maxay macnaha 1ppm Khaladka?
Waqtiga saxda ah iyo aaladaha elektiroonigga ah ee kala duwan, oscillators crystal waxay u adeegaan sida ilaha saacada ugu muhiimsan, xasiloonidooda soo noqnoqda ayaa si toos ah u go'aamisa saxnaanta wakhtiga nidaamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiyada la taaban karo, oscillators crystal ma aha qaybaha ku habboon; Inta jeer ee wax soo saarkoodu way leexan karaan sababo kala duwan awgood. Maqaalkani wuxuu u daadagi doonaa fahamka cutubka qaladka soo noqnoqda ee ppm wuxuuna u rogi doonaa si fudud oo la fahmi karo waqti maalmeed.
ppm (qayb halkii milyan) waa unug caadi ah oo lagu cabbiro leexashada soo noqnoqda. Khaladka 1ppm wuxuu muujinayaa in kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya soo noqnoqda dhabta ah iyo inta jeer ee magaca ah ay tahay hal qayb halkii milyan.
Xisaabinta isugeynta wakhtiga isdhaafsiga hal maalin waa toos:
Wadarta ilbidhiqsiyada maalintii: 24 saacadood × 60 daqiiqo × 60 sekan=86,400 ilbiriqsi.
Xisaabinta leexinta: Khaladka 1ppm micnaheedu waa 1,000,000 ilbiriqsi kasta, waxaa jira leexasho 1-ilbiriqsi ah. Sidaa darteed, leexashada ka badan 86,400 ilbiriqsi waa:
Waqtiga leexashada=(1 / 1,000,000) × 86,400 ilbiriqsi=0.0864 sekan
Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in oscillator-ka crystal leh +1ppm cilad soo noqnoqda uu heli doono ku dhawaad 0.0864 sekan (ilaa 86.4 millise seconds) maalintii. Xisaabintani waa mid caalami ah oo ka madax banaan inta jeer ee magaca gaarka ah ee crystal (sida 32.768kHz caadiga ah) sababtoo ah waxay ku salaysan tahay mabda'a khaladka qaraabada ah. Sidoo kale, qalad -1ppm macnaheedu waa luminta 0.0864 ilbiriqsi maalintii.
Waxyaalaha ugu waaweyn ee Saamaynaya Deganaanshaha Joogtada iyo Tallaabooyinka
Codsiyada la taaban karo, si loo gaaro waqtiga saxda ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo oo la maareeyo arrimaha kala duwan ee saameeya xasilloonida oscillators crystal.
1. Heer kulka deegaanka
Saamaynta: Isbeddelka heerkulka ayaa ah qodobka ugu horreeya ee keenaya qulqulka soo noqnoqda ee crystals. Inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda ee crystal-ka ayaa ku kala duwan heerkulka ku jira qalooca cubic.
Cabbiraad: Codsiyada leh kala duwanaanshiyaha heerkulka muhiimka ah, heerkulka{0}} oscillators crystal (TCXO) waa in la isticmaalo; Shuruudaha saxda ah ee aadka u sarreeya, foornada{2} oscillators crystal control (OCXO) waa lama huraan, kaas oo kristal geliya foorno heerkul joogto ah si asal ahaan loo baabi'iyo saamaynta heerkulka.
2. Isku-beegista Awood-qaadista
Saamaynta: Labada biin ee oscillator-ka crystal waxay u baahan yihiin in lagu xidho capacitors load ku habboon (CL) si ay ugu shaqeeyaan inta jeer ee magaca ah. Qiimaha awoodda aan saxda ahayn waxay si toos ah u keeni kartaa weecis soo noqnoqda.
Cabbiraad ka-hortagga: Si adag u dooro capacitors is-waafajinta dibadda ah oo ku salaysan qiyamka awoodda awoodda ee lagu taliyay xaashida xogta crystal, oo ka fiirso awoodda dulin ee qaabka PCB.
3. Koronto Supply Voltage
Saamaynta: Isbeddelka ku yimaadda korantada shaqaynaysa waxay wax yar ka beddeli kartaa sifooyinka oscillator-ka, taas oo saamaynaysa inta jeer ee wax soo saarka.
Cabbiraad ka-hortagga: Sii sahay koronto nadiif ah oo deggan wareegga oscillator-ka, sida caadiga ah adoo isticmaalaya LDO (hoose{0}} nidaamiye hoos u dhigaya) iyo kala furfurid ku filan.
4. Saamaynta gabowga
Saamayn: Muddo dheer {{0}isticmaalka muddada dheer, kristanta iyo qaybaheedu waxa ay maraan tartiib tartiib ah, soo noqnoqosho aan jiho lahayn (caadiyan togan) taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhimista walaaca gudaha, uumiga walxaha, iwm.
Qiyaasta ka-hortagga: Dooro alaabooyinka crystal-ka ah ee leh heerarka gabowgu hooseeyo. Nidaamyada u baahan hawl-gal muddada dheer{1}, naqshadaynta xilliyeed toos ah ama habaynta saacadaha gacanta.
5. Faragelin dibadeed
Saamaynta: Faragelinta korantada (EMI) ee sabuuradda wareegga, iyo sidoo kale gariirka farsamada iyo shoogga, waxay sababi kartaa xasillooni-darro soo noqnoqota oo gaaban.
Cabbiraad ka-hortagga: Qaabka PCB-ga ee wanaagsan (sida dhulka oo lagu sameeyo wareegga saacadda), adeegsiga gasacadaha gaashaandhigga, iyo xulashada xirmooyinka crystal-ka ee leh caabbinta gariirka (sida xirmooyinka biraha) ayaa ah xalal wax ku ool ah.
Soo koobid
Marka la soo koobo, khaladka 1ppm ee oscillator-ka crystal wuxuu si toos ah u turjumayaa leexashada wakhtiga maalinlaha ah ee ku dhawaad 0.0864 ilbiriqsi. Marka la dooranayo oo la naqshadeynayo wareegyada saacadaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isku dheellitiro qiimaha iyo waxqabadka iyadoo lagu saleynayo shuruudaha saxda ah ee codsiga (sida macaamiisha caadiga ah ee elektiroonigga ah, saacadaha smart, saldhigyada isgaarsiinta, ama nidaamyada navigation), dooro noocyada oscillator-ka habboon (tusaale, SPXO, TCXO, OCXO), iyo hirgelinta tallaabooyinka naqshadeynta xasilloonida. Fahamka ilahan khaladaadka ah iyo tallaabooyinka ka-hortagga ayaa fure u ah hubinta la isku halayn karo oo waqtiga saxda ah ee aaladaha elektiroonigga ah.